*حسن شمران محمد لجين إبراهيم *قسم الكيمياء- وحدة البيئة- جامعة القادسية

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "*حسن شمران محمد لجين إبراهيم *قسم الكيمياء- وحدة البيئة- جامعة القادسية"

Transcription

1 ISSN الترقيم الدولي تقييم بعض المواصفات النوعية للخل المتداول في أسواق مدينة الديوانية *حسن شمران محمد لجين إبراهيم *قسم الكيمياء- وحدة البيئة- جامعة القادسية احمد جياد - كلية العلوم الخالصة ( ) ph (FAO and WHO2000, , , , ) FAO and WHO

2 1988 A.pastenrianus Nichol 1979, Cannin / Vinegar 8-4 Gerbi et al 1997 Bussy ph ph-meter Buffer solution 30 Conner and Allgeier 1976, De Ory et al 2002, Marshal et al Morales et al N Bussy,1975 ; 1960 Shimadzu flame atomic 1987 absorption model, 6809 A.aceti De Ley et al 1989

3 1 (1) (ph) FAO and WHO WHO FAO FAO and WHO,2000) % % / 0.04% (1) 110 (WHO andfao , FAO and WHO and WHO,2000 ; Myannmar2003) FAO % % %15.6 % Bussy 1975 % % % %

4 الجدول رقم )1( بعض المحددات التي تبين خصائص الخل. الجدول رقم )2( تركيز بعض العناصر الثقيلة في عينات الخل المدروسة ( جزء بالمليون جزء( 1 -الجنددددي,محمدددد مم دددا )1983(. الغددد اء وال غ ددددة,دا الفكدددددر العربدددددش لللمدددددر,المجلد الةال,ال بعدددددة االولى,القاهرة ص الددديلي باسدد كام,كامدد حمددودر الركددابش ) 1988 ). االغ دة و ا ة ال عليم العالش والبح العلمش,جامعة الموص,مددردة دا الك ب لل باعة واللمر جامعدة الموص ص الرجب,وفداء حسين,حسدن محمدد علدش القد ا )1982). اساسدديال علددم االحيدداء المجاردددة الغدد ا ش,و ا ة ال علددديم العدددالش والبحددد العلمش,جامعدددة الموصددد,ال بعة االولى,م داب مددرددة دا الك دب لل باعدة واللمرجامعة الموص,ص المواصدددددفة القياسدددددية قدددددم) 111 (/الخددددد /مجلددددد ال خ يط,الجاددددا المركدددد ر لل قيددددي والسددددي رة اللوعيدددددددددددددة,الجماو ددددددددددددددة العراقيدددددددددددددة )م ع 1897/111 (. 5 -ديلي,باس كام,صاد حسن الحكيم ) 1987 (. تحليد االغ دددددددددة, و ا ة ال علدددددددديم العددددددددالش والبحدددددددد العلمش,جامعة الموص,مددردة دا الك ب لل باعة واللمر جامعة الموص, ص

5 Ley, Krieg NR, Holt JG. Bergey s manual of systematic bacteriaology. 1st ed Vol 1. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co. p ( ). 5-De Ory I, Romero LE, Cantero D; Journal of Food Engineering 52: 31-. (2002). 6-FAO and WHO Codex alimentarius Commission,Draft Revised Regionel Standard for Vinegar at30 June(CL2000/18-EURO).(2000). 7-Gerbi V, Zeppa G, Antonelli A, Natali N, Caracini A Mutivariate; Science Des Aliments 17: (1997). 8-Marshall J, Cotton M, Bal A Natural food antimicrobial systems: Chapter 24- acetic acid. 2nd ed. New York: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers. p 661. (2000). 9-Morales ML, Gustavo A, Gonzalez Jose A, Troncoso Ana M ; Journal of food technology 212: (2001). 10-Myannmar Vinegar Dream World Co.,Ltd Myanmar (Burma) Myanmar Vinegar products specifications( Internet:htt:// vinegar.com/).(2003). 11-Nickol GB Vinegar. In: Peppler HJ, Perlman D. Microbiology technology. 2 nd ed. New York: Academic Press. p (1979). 9- صابر, محمد دوال )1999). نفحال علمية من القدرنن والسدلة, ال بعدة االولى,ملمدو ال مك بدة وشدلبير,ا بي, العرا. 3- صدمانو,شدمعون كدو كي (1988). السدي رة اللوعيدة والمواصفال القياسية لالغ دة, و ا ة ال عليم لعدالش والبحددددددد العلمش,جامعدددددددة الموصددددددد,ال بعدددددددة االولى,م داب مددرددة دا الك دب لل باعدة واللمدر جامعة الموص ص طهمددا, عبددد الحميددد محمددود ) 2003 (. خيددر االدام الخ, مكلون االعجا العلمدش, اال بعدون العلميدة, دا القلم, بيرول, لبلان. 6- عبددددددددد ال ددددددددي,محمددددددددود شاكر,فا دددددددد بلددددددددد عيسدددى ) 1989 (. الصدددلاعال الكيميا يدددة, و ا ة ال علدددديم العددددالش والبحدددد العلمش,هيئددددة المعاهددددد الفلية,دا اللقش لل باعة واللمر ص فدددود, دحيدددى حسدددن ) 1960 (. المراقبدددة الغ ا يدددة والمددنون الصددحية فددش ال صددلي الغدد ا ش,ال بعددة األولى, منسسة دا الك ب لل باعة واللمدر جامعدة الموص ص م مددددد,عبددددد الباسددددط سدددديد, )2003 (. األعمددددا واللباتدال فدش ال دب اللبدور, الخد, مجلدة اللدواء االسالمش,قرنن وسلة. المصادر ايجنبية 1- Bussy T.H.De Vegetable food products luxuries,encyclopedia,ngmangroup d,london.p (1975). 2-Canning A; Journal of Food Sci Sept/ Oct: (1985). 3-Conner HA, Allgeier RJ; Adv. Appl. Microbiol 20: (1976). 4-De Ley J, Gollis M, Swings J Family VI In: Acetobacteriaceae Gillis, De 33

6 An evaluation of some quality standards for vinegar being sold in the local markets of Diwania province Abstract In this study we measured some qualifications which indicate the scope of contamination or idenfication of some kinds of vinegar existing in Diwania markets to qualitative Iraqi and international standards. Acidic factor (ph) has been checked between for various samples, Total acidity has been checked by guidance of acetic acid ranging between % for various samples of vinegar. The total ash is ranging between %. The total ratio of solid materials is ranging between %. The results indicated that all these variables ranged within admissible limits for natural vinegar except the ratio of acetic acid in some samples examined which were higher than accepted limits (4-8 %). Some samples of vinegar under study have been examined to know the extent of their contamination due to some materials like Lead, Copper, iron and zinc. The results indicated that these samples contained one part from million parts as follows :- ( , , , ), These ratios are with admissible limits according to Iraqi and international standards. 39

Revision worksheet for grade 6. Lesson one (Surat As-Sajdah) c. Both have the same massage which is worshipping Allah

Revision worksheet for grade 6. Lesson one (Surat As-Sajdah) c. Both have the same massage which is worshipping Allah Revision worksheet for grade 6 Lesson one (Surat As-Sajdah) 1- Answer the following questions: 1. What is the goal of the revelation of the Torah? So nobody would be in doubt over his meeting with Allah

More information

Welcome to ALI 440: Topical Tafsir of Quran Family Relationships

Welcome to ALI 440: Topical Tafsir of Quran Family Relationships Welcome to ALI 440: Topical Tafsir of Quran Family Relationships Check the following verses in your copy of the Quran Verses for today s session 1) Sura Nur, no.24, verse 36 2) Sura Nahl, no.16, verse

More information

ABSTRACT The Title: The contribution of the Endowment in supporting the Scientific an Educational Foundations in Makkah Al-Mukarram during Othmani

ABSTRACT The Title: The contribution of the Endowment in supporting the Scientific an Educational Foundations in Makkah Al-Mukarram during Othmani ج ABSTRACT The Title: The contribution of the Endowment in supporting the Scientific an Educational Foundations in Makkah Al-Mukarram during Othmani Era and the suggested Techniques to Develop its Role

More information

Parent and Teacher Home Support

Parent and Teacher Home Support Arabic 2 Week beginning: 14 th oct Parent and Teacher Home Support Dear parents: The midterm Arabic writing assessment for years 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 will take place on 21st of October. It would be great

More information

Sunnah of the Month Eid Al - Adha & Hajj Hadith of the Month. The reward of Hajj Mabrur (accepted) is nothing but Al- Jannah.

Sunnah of the Month Eid Al - Adha & Hajj Hadith of the Month. The reward of Hajj Mabrur (accepted) is nothing but Al- Jannah. August School Re-opens Fun Day Independence Day Eid ul Adha Holidays 1 st 11 th 14 th 9 th 12 th Zilhaaj Eid Al - Adha & Hajj ال ح ج ال م ب ر ور ل ي س ل ه ج ز اء إال ال ج ن ة The reward of Hajj Mabrur

More information

Muharram 23, 1439 H Ikha 14, 1396 HS October 14, 2017 CE

Muharram 23, 1439 H Ikha 14, 1396 HS October 14, 2017 CE Muharram 23, 1439 H Ikha 14, 1396 HS October 14, 2017 CE Qalqalah ) ق ل ق لة ( is a method of reading a letter by vibrating it because it has sukoon. There are five qalqalah letters: د ج ب ط ق Two categories

More information

أ ا ل ا ا ا أو و ا ا د أ ا ل ا ة ا رة إ ا ص ذوي ا أو ا ت ا ا ص ذوي ا ا ا وق ا ارد ا أ ب ا ر ا ا ا 1 2 3 4 5 ا أس إ ا م رة ا ا إ ا م و ر»ا «ا ت زاو ا راع ا إ ا راء إ ا ا و ا ا ة ا م ا ا ا ا را م ا ا وأن

More information

ة ة ف ف ي ف ل ف ن ا م ا

ة ة ف ف ي ف ل ف ن ا م ا س د رة ت ا ر س ٱ ت خ ل ا ا ة ر ه ب ا ب ث ا ع ل أ ب ع ر و ة ا ل ه ة ة ا ل ب ل ل س ال ا ص ر ل ا ة ح ت غ ل و ك ا ر ب ر و ش ا ر ء ل ل ة ل ا ل ك ة ا خ س س ل ا ل ب ط ت ل ة ا و ل ا د ة و ك ل ة ة ل ز ا إ ل ة ع

More information

ITA AT: TO OBEY HIM WITHOUT QUESTION

ITA AT: TO OBEY HIM WITHOUT QUESTION ITA AT: TO OBEY HIM WITHOUT QUESTION جل جلالهAllah sent the Anbiya to be obeyed. This makes logical sense because this is the first principle of change, that the change must be implemented for people to

More information

The Virtues of Surah An-Nasr

The Virtues of Surah An-Nasr The Virtues of Surah An-Nasr Revealed in Makkah It has been mentioned previously that - it (Surah An-Nasr) is equivalent to one-fourth of the Qur'an and that - Surah Az-Zalzalah is equivalent to one-fourth

More information

Parent and Teacher Home Support

Parent and Teacher Home Support Arabic 2 Parent and Teacher Home Support Letter ( Fa ف ) to be revised by you tube watching, read, write and recognize it in different Forms in the words. Selling: Pronounciation اللفظ Word الكلمة Fa Fo

More information

THE ANALYSIS OF JARGONS USED IN MARKETING MAJOR AT VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL (SMKN 1) BANJARMASIN

THE ANALYSIS OF JARGONS USED IN MARKETING MAJOR AT VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL (SMKN 1) BANJARMASIN THE ANALYSIS OF JARGONS USED IN MARKETING MAJOR AT VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL (SMKN 1) BANJARMASIN THESIS By ABDURRAHMAN SRN : 1201240782 ANTASARI STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES BANJARMASIN 2017 A.D/1438H

More information

ALI 256: Spiritual and Jurisprudential aspects Salaat

ALI 256: Spiritual and Jurisprudential aspects Salaat ALI 256: Spiritual and aspects Salaat SESSION 3: Al-Sadiq Seminary Surrey, BC March 1, 2014/ Rabi II 29, 1435 1 Getting closer thru Du ā, 2:186 و إ ذ ا س أ ل ك ع ب اد ي ع ي ن ف إ ي ن ق ر يب أ ج يب د ع

More information

ALI 326: AN INTRODUCTION TO ZIYARAT JAMIAH AL-KABIRA Sheikh Faiyaz Jaffer January 6, ALI 326: Ziyarat Jamiah

ALI 326: AN INTRODUCTION TO ZIYARAT JAMIAH AL-KABIRA Sheikh Faiyaz Jaffer January 6, ALI 326: Ziyarat Jamiah ALI 326: AN INTRODUCTION TO ZIYARAT JAMIAH AL-KABIRA Sheikh Faiyaz Jaffer January 6, 2016 WHAT IS ZIYARAT? The word زيارة means to visit. Ziyarat is the visitation of the Awliya of Allah (swt) The one

More information

Quran Spelling Bee Second Level (Third to fifth grade) competition words

Quran Spelling Bee Second Level (Third to fifth grade) competition words Meaning Mercy Word From Quran 1. ر ح م ة And when و ل م ا. 2 That we are أ ن ا 3. Spelling Ra H a Meem Ta marbootah Fathatan, Waw Lam Meem Shaddah Alif Hamzah-on-Alif Noon Shaddah Alif The prophet Nooh(P.B.U.H)

More information

In the Name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

In the Name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful In the Name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful ن إ هل إ ا د أ أ ش ه س وهل و أ و ر و أ شه د أ ن حم م دا ع ب د ه و ح ده رش يك هل و خ ل يف ت ه ب يل ا ؤ ن ني و ا أ م ري ال ل ي شه د أ ن ع د آل حم

More information

Knowing Allah (SWT) Through Nahjul Balagha. Khutba 91: Examining the Attributes of Allah

Knowing Allah (SWT) Through Nahjul Balagha. Khutba 91: Examining the Attributes of Allah Knowing Allah (SWT) Through Nahjul Balagha Khutba 91: Examining the Attributes of Allah Reminder when Participating in the Chat 1) Do not write any personal information in the chat box (involving your

More information

اللهم صل على محمد وعلى آل محمد وبارك على محمد وعلى آل محمد.كما صليت وباركت على إبراهيم وآل إبراهيم إنك حميد مجيد

اللهم صل على محمد وعلى آل محمد وبارك على محمد وعلى آل محمد.كما صليت وباركت على إبراهيم وآل إبراهيم إنك حميد مجيد ب س م الل ه ال رح م ن ال رح ي م ال ح م د ل ل ه اللهم صل على محمد وعلى آل محمد وبارك على محمد وعلى آل محمد.كما صليت وباركت على إبراهيم وآل إبراهيم إنك حميد مجيد 1 Islamic Laws of Inheritance Dr. Assaina

More information

2/24 Wednesday Class Summary. Alhamdullilah today we finished our discussion of status by learning about light vs heavy and flexibility.

2/24 Wednesday Class Summary. Alhamdullilah today we finished our discussion of status by learning about light vs heavy and flexibility. As Salaam alaikum everyone! 2/24 Wednesday Class Summary Alhamdullilah today we finished our discussion of status by learning about light vs heavy and flexibility. Class Recording: https://bayyinah.adobeconnect.com/p85jxs11a07/

More information

Questions & Answers Answers

Questions & Answers Answers Questions & Answers Code: Beliefs Cognition about God s Caliph on earth About Mansoor and his preparation of the grounds for advent of Mahdi 3 Author: Unknown Date: 20/01/2015 In case a ruler from one

More information

Adab 1: Prohibitions of the Tongue. Lecture 3

Adab 1: Prohibitions of the Tongue. Lecture 3 Adab 1: Prohibitions of the Tongue Lecture 3 The Dunya and some of the Desires The دنيا as a temporary place: It is designed to be a place of distraction. We get distracted because our نفس contains desires

More information

B-Smart Arabic & Islamic Weekend Classes. April Newsletter Assalaamu alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa barakaatuh. Dear Parents/Guardians

B-Smart Arabic & Islamic Weekend Classes. April Newsletter Assalaamu alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa barakaatuh. Dear Parents/Guardians B-Smart Arabic & Islamic Weekend Classes Assalaamu alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa barakaatuh April Newsletter 2018 Dear Parents/Guardians We pray you are in the best of health and imaan. It s surreal that

More information

Adab 1: Prohibitions of the Tongue. Lecture 6

Adab 1: Prohibitions of the Tongue. Lecture 6 Adab 1: Prohibitions of the Tongue Lecture 6 1 Prohibitions In previous lectures we have established the grounds for why this book is important. Dangers of the tongue Rewards and benefits of the silent

More information

Saint Theresa Maronite Church 343 North Main Street / PO Box 2567 Brockton, MA

Saint Theresa Maronite Church 343 North Main Street / PO Box 2567 Brockton, MA Saint Theresa Maronite Church 343 North Main Street / PO Box 2567 Brockton, MA 02305-2567 Cana Sunday Entrance into Lent Abouna Joseph Daiif, Pastor Rectory 508-586-1428 / Fax 508-587-8139 Email: sonsdaughters@comcast.net

More information

QUR ANIC ARABIC - LEVEL 1. Unit ٢٦ - Present Passive

QUR ANIC ARABIC - LEVEL 1. Unit ٢٦ - Present Passive QUR ANIC ARABIC - LEVEL 1 Unit ٢٦ - Present Passive 1 Today s lesson Present Passive Classwork Unit 26 Correction Unit 21, 22, 23, 24 2 ا ل ف ع ل - Verb Present tense action is incomplete a) either being

More information

23 MARCH JAMAD AL AWWAL 1435 CLASS #32

23 MARCH JAMAD AL AWWAL 1435 CLASS #32 أنا من -? I M Y L I F E P R O J E C T WHO AM 23 MARCH 2014 22 JAMAD AL AWWAL 1435 CLASS #32 In order to answer this question The Reality of the Human is in the Quran, just as Allah has described us REALITY

More information

The past tense is processed by the Arabic student by paying attention to changes that occur at the end of the word.

The past tense is processed by the Arabic student by paying attention to changes that occur at the end of the word. Day 8: PART 1: SUMMARY OF THE ENTIRE SESSION: 1. The identifiers for present tense 2. The normal vs. light vs. lightest present tense 3. The Light Harf & The Lightest Harf Groups ضار ع PART 2: INTRODUCTION

More information

None is killed unjustly, but the first son of Adam will have a part of its burden because he was the first to establish the tradition of murdering

None is killed unjustly, but the first son of Adam will have a part of its burden because he was the first to establish the tradition of murdering ه ث ري ي ل ه ري ولع ق س ان وك ني خو اإل ن ال ا ل د ل ل رب اه ا ل له وح د ه ه ري ي وح ص ى د ق ف ه ظو وغ ن ال إ هل ه ال د وأش أ إ خ و ه د ا ها ب ي ا ه ن س ي د و م د أ ت ني وأ يك هل ال و ك ا ل ق ال ال ش ه

More information

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Virtues of Surat At-Tariq Revealed in Makkah An-Nasa'i recorded that Jabir said, "Mu`adh lead the Maghrib prayer and he recited Al-Baqarah and An-Nisa'. So the Prophet said, أ ف تان أ ن ت ي ا م ع اذ

More information

from your Creator طه Ta, Ha. 20:1

from your Creator طه Ta, Ha. 20:1 رسالة : ٢ إن ما أ ن ز ل الق ر آن ل سعادة اإلنسان رسائل رب انية MESSAGE 2: THE QURAN HAS BEEN REVEALED ONLY FOR Divine THE Messages HAPPINESS OF of HUMANITY nurturing from your Creator The way of the Quran

More information

Sarf: 16 th March 2014

Sarf: 16 th March 2014 Sarf: 16 th March 2014 Sarf = How verbs change ي ا ل ف ع ل ال م اض = verb Past tense ا ل ف ع ل ال م ض ا = verb Present tense ا ل ف ع ل ال م اض ي = verb Past tense You 1m You 2m You 3+m You 1f ف ع ل ف ع

More information

Being Grateful. From the Resident Aalima at Hujjat KSIMC London, Dr Masuma Jaffer address:

Being Grateful. From the Resident Aalima at Hujjat KSIMC London, Dr Masuma Jaffer  address: Being Grateful. From the Resident Aalima at Hujjat KSIMC London, Dr Masuma Jaffer Email address: aalima@hujjat.org Objective.. ل ئ ن ش ك ر ت م ل ز يد ن ك م.. Surah Ibrahim: If you are grateful, I would

More information

Going for the ziyārah of the Ahl al-bayt (A)

Going for the ziyārah of the Ahl al-bayt (A) CLASS 8 Going for the ziyārah of the Ahl al-bayt (A) Learning Objectives Why do we go for the ziyārah of the Ahl al-bayt (A)? What do we do when on ziyārah? Memorise verses 4:100 & 3:169 Going for ziyārah

More information

IMAM SAJJAD INSTITUTE

IMAM SAJJAD INSTITUTE IMAM SAJJAD INSTITUTE ع) Have we ever thought about the conditions of true tawbah? Many of us may conjecture that perhaps the factors of regret and expression of sorrow to God can suffice for tawbah. The

More information

Rabi`ul Awwal 3, 1438 H Fatah 3, 1395 HS December 3, 2016 CE

Rabi`ul Awwal 3, 1438 H Fatah 3, 1395 HS December 3, 2016 CE Rabi`ul Awwal 3, 1438 H Fatah 3, 1395 HS December 3, 2016 CE Qalqalah ) ق ل ق لة ( is a method of reading a letter by vibrating it because it has sukoon. There are five qalqalah letters: د ج ب ط ق Two

More information

23 FEBRUARY RABEE AL AKHAR 1435 CLASS #28

23 FEBRUARY RABEE AL AKHAR 1435 CLASS #28 أنا من -? I M Y L I F E P R O J E C T W H O AM 23 FEBRUARY 2014 23 RABEE AL AKHAR 1435 CLASS #28 In order to answer this question The Reality of the Human is in the Quran, just as Allah has described us

More information

Saint Theresa Maronite Church 343 North Main Street / PO Box 2567 Brockton, MA

Saint Theresa Maronite Church 343 North Main Street / PO Box 2567 Brockton, MA Saint Theresa Maronite Church 343 North Main Street / PO Box 2567 Brockton, MA 02305-2567 Cana Sunday Entrance into Lent Abouna Joseph Daiif, Pastor Rectory 508-586-1428 / Fax 508-587-8139 Email: sonsdaughters@comcast.net

More information

بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم. Islamic Mannerisms. The Manners of Attending Assemblies Part 1 (29/1/2017)

بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم. Islamic Mannerisms. The Manners of Attending Assemblies Part 1 (29/1/2017) بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم Islamic Mannerisms The Manners of Attending Assemblies Part 1 (29/1/2017) Ibn Qayyim رحمه هللا said in Madaarij As-Salikeen that Good Manners indicates the success and happiness

More information

Madrasa Tajweedul Quran

Madrasa Tajweedul Quran Ijra - Explaining Tajweed Rules Notes for Teachers: Ijra of Tajweed rules is essential for pupils to fully understand the rules. Where pupils explain Tajweed rules in their own words, this creates a deeper

More information

THE ANALYSIS OF AMBIGUITY IN CABLE NEWS NETWORK (CNN) STREAMING VIDEO NEWS HEADLINES. (A Study of Video News Headlines on April-May 2016) THESIS

THE ANALYSIS OF AMBIGUITY IN CABLE NEWS NETWORK (CNN) STREAMING VIDEO NEWS HEADLINES. (A Study of Video News Headlines on April-May 2016) THESIS THE ANALYSIS OF AMBIGUITY IN CABLE NEWS NETWORK (CNN) STREAMING VIDEO NEWS HEADLINES (A Study of Video News Headlines on April-May 2016) THESIS Written by AGUSTINA RAHMAWATI ANTASARI STATE INSTITUTE FOR

More information

Race to Jannah - 6 Group E: Surah Taha

Race to Jannah - 6 Group E: Surah Taha طھ{ 1 } Race to Jannah - 6 Group E: Surah Taha ب س م ال رح م ن ال رح یم In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful م ا أ ن ز ل ن ا ع ل ی ك ال ق ر آن ل ت ش ق ى إ لا ت ذ ك ر ة ل م ن ی خ ش

More information

CONDITION OF THE UMMAH

CONDITION OF THE UMMAH CONDITION OF THE UMMAH PART 1 A CALL TO THE UMMAH OF MUHAMMED SAW September 7 th 2001 Aisha RA narrated that a man came to the Prophet SAW and said to him, `O Messenger of Allah! You are more beloved to

More information

Surah Al Muminoon CLASS 8 RAMADAN 8, 1435

Surah Al Muminoon CLASS 8 RAMADAN 8, 1435 Surah Al Muminoon CLASS 8 RAMADAN 8, 1435 Morning Bliss Ramadan 2014 July 6, 2014 Surah Al Muminoon Surah Al Muminoon is divided into different sections. The first section from Ayah 1-11 describes the

More information

5/10 Class Summary Intro to Aajroomiyyah

5/10 Class Summary Intro to Aajroomiyyah Aajroomiyyah notes Ajroomiyyah Day 1 Class Summary: 5/10 Class Summary Intro to Aajroomiyyah المعنى االصطاليح (linguistic) and المعنى اللغوي definitions: There are two kinds of (technical). الكالم Basically

More information

Islam and The Environment

Islam and The Environment Islam and The Environment By Sh Kazi Luthfur Rahman Human beings are representatives of Allah: Allah, the almighty appointed human beings as his representatives in this world and he made them responsible

More information

482 IUG Journal of Sharia and Law Studies (Islamic University of Gaza) / CC BY 4.0

482 IUG Journal of Sharia and Law Studies (Islamic University of Gaza) / CC BY 4.0 IUGJSLS Vol 26, No 2, 2018, pp 282-133 ISSN 2616-2148 )7302-32-30( النشر قبول تاريخ )7302-30-03( اإلرسال تاريخ *.1 فاطهةشانيشعدةاللعتدالل 1 د.عهادعتدالدف ظالز اداة 1 ةعناجلا - الشر عة كل ة - هأص ل الفل

More information

ا ح د أ ز ح ا س اح ني ح ث ع ا ت س اح ث ا بس أ ج ع ني, أ ال إ إ ال ا و ح د ال ش س ه ا ه ا ح ك ا ج ني و أ ش ه د أ س د ب

ا ح د أ ز ح ا س اح ني ح ث ع ا ت س اح ث ا بس أ ج ع ني, أ ال إ إ ال ا و ح د ال ش س ه ا ه ا ح ك ا ج ني و أ ش ه د أ س د ب ا ح د أ ز ح ا س اح ني ح ث ع ا ت س اح ث ا بس أ ج ع ني, و أ ش ه د أ ال إ إ ال ا و ح د ال ش س ه ا ه ا ح ك ا ج ني و أ ش ه د أ س د ب و ج ب ح د ا ع ج د ا و ز س ى, أ ا بس ل ج ب و أ و ث س ث س ا و ع ط ف ب ف ب ه

More information

In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful. All praise is due to Allah Lord of the Worlds.

In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful. All praise is due to Allah Lord of the Worlds. بس م اهلل الر ح ن الر ح يم The Rajab Istighfār The following is a compilation of istighfār, known in Ḥaḍramawt as Istighfār Rajab, compiled by Ḥabīb Ḥasan, the son of Imām `Abdullāh bin `Alawī al-ḥaddād.

More information

} أ ي ما ا م ر أ ة ز و ج ها و ل يا ن, ف هي ل ل أ و ل م ن ه ما {

} أ ي ما ا م ر أ ة ز و ج ها و ل يا ن, ف هي ل ل أ و ل م ن ه ما { Fiqh of Marriage: Class Sixteen الحمد ل و الصلة و السلم على رسول ا و بعد: The Hadith: : و ع ن ا ل ح س ن, ع ن س م ر ة, ع ن ال ن ب ي قا ل } أ ي ما ا م ر أ ة ز و ج ها و ل يا ن, ف هي ل ل أ و ل م ن ه ما { ر

More information

ALI 241: Akhlāq of the Ahlul Bayt c

ALI 241: Akhlāq of the Ahlul Bayt c ALI 241: Akhlāq of the Ahlul Bayt c Session 4: JCC; Tuesday 17 Dhul Qa dah 1434/ September 24, 2013 1 From the course outline In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. Session 4: Session 4: Tawādu

More information

First Reading: Corinthians 11:21-30

First Reading: Corinthians 11:21-30 1013 Ellsworth Street Philadelphia PA 19147 June 28-29, 2014 First Reading: Corinthians 11:21-30 A reading from First Letter of St. Paul to the Corinthians. Your blessing father Brothers and Sisters: For

More information

Dr Haji Mohammed Hussain bin Pehin Penyurat Haji Ahmad Dean, Faculty of Usuluddin Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University

Dr Haji Mohammed Hussain bin Pehin Penyurat Haji Ahmad Dean, Faculty of Usuluddin Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University Dr Haji Mohammed Hussain bin Pehin Penyurat Haji Ahmad Dean, Faculty of Usuluddin Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University Definition of LEADERSHIP described as the process of social influence in which one

More information

Dua Mujeer 13, 14, 15. th th th.

Dua Mujeer 13, 14, 15. th th th. Dua Mujeer th th th 13, 14, 15 www.qfatima.com DUA AL MUJEER Recommended to recite in the Ayyamul Baydh (13, 14, 15 th nights) of the month of Ramadhan. The Prophet (pbuh) was praying at Maqami Ibraheem

More information

SESSION 31 FREQUENT RECITATIONS. I. SPOKEN ARABIC: Use 3SP. For continuity, see Spoken Arabic in previous lesson.

SESSION 31 FREQUENT RECITATIONS. I. SPOKEN ARABIC: Use 3SP. For continuity, see Spoken Arabic in previous lesson. SESSION 31 FREQUENT RECITATIONS I. SPOKEN ARABIC: Use 3SP. For continuity, see Spoken Arabic in previous lesson. () cold. water I want II. GRAMMAR (Verb DF-3): Practice the 21 forms of ج اه د 31 (he struggled;

More information

ALI 258: Qualities of a Faithful believer Khutba No. 87 March 25, 2014/ Jumadi I 23, 1435

ALI 258: Qualities of a Faithful believer Khutba No. 87 March 25, 2014/ Jumadi I 23, 1435 ALI 258: Qualities of a Faithful believer Khutba No. 87 March 25, 2014/ Jumadi I 23, 1435 What is the difference between faith and conviction? What are good qualities of speech and silence? How would you

More information

Journey Towards Light. Enlightenment of the Hearts!

Journey Towards Light. Enlightenment of the Hearts! Journey Towards Light Enlightenment of the Hearts! Quran- Allah s light, A clear book! O People of the Scripture, there has come to you Our Messenger making clear to you much of what you used to conceal

More information

Adab 1: Prohibitions of the Tongue. Lecture 10

Adab 1: Prohibitions of the Tongue. Lecture 10 Adab 1: Prohibitions of the Tongue Lecture 10 1 Line 26 Line 26 It is prohibited to make something haram for yourself So to say that it is haram for me to speak to this person. It is haram for me to drink

More information

ALI 489: Qualities of Mutaqqīn

ALI 489: Qualities of Mutaqqīn ALI 489: Qualities of Mutaqqīn Session 1: JCC; Seniors Lounge Wednesday March 6, 2019 Jumādī al-akhar 29, 1440 1ALI 489: Qualities of Mutaqqin The best provision is taqwā و م ا ت ف ع ل وا م ن خ ي ي ع ل

More information

The First Ten or Last Ten Verses of Sūrah al-kahf

The First Ten or Last Ten Verses of Sūrah al-kahf K N O W I N G F A L S E M E S S I A H Protection from the Dajjāl s Tribulations Despite the great tribulations the Dajjāl brings by which Allah will test his servants, we are not left to face them alone.

More information

Sirah of Sayyida Fatima al-zahraa d

Sirah of Sayyida Fatima al-zahraa d Sirah of Sayyida Fatima al-zahraa d ALI 233 Session 3: Tuesday, JCC, Toronto 19 Jamadi II 1434/ 30 April 2013 1 Sûrah al-nahl, Ayat 58 & 59 ب سم الل ه الر مح ن الر حيم * و إ ذا ب ش ر أ ح د ه م ب األ نثى

More information

Presentation 1: Comparative and Superlative 3. In languages that have adjectives, the adjectives often have comparative and superlative forms.

Presentation 1: Comparative and Superlative 3. In languages that have adjectives, the adjectives often have comparative and superlative forms. Notes Grammar in Context Presentation 1: Comparative and Superlative 3 صيغ التفضيل 1. Simple Comparison In languages that have adjectives, the adjectives often have comparative and superlative forms. For

More information

Surah Mumtahina. Tafseer Part 1

Surah Mumtahina. Tafseer Part 1 Surah Mumtahina Tafseer Part 1 In the name of Allah the Gracious and Most Merciful 1. O you who have believed, do not take My enemies and your enemies as allies, extending to them affection while they

More information

Allah accepts only from the pious. (5:27)

Allah accepts only from the pious. (5:27) ه ح ي ا ع ف ق ح د أ ن ل ع ف ح ضل ال شام ل ه و إ ح حساى ال ح ك م ل ل ع ه و ح حد ه ال ش يك ح ن ال إ هل إ ه ال ا ل ل د ح شه أ ال ح هد ل ل ان و ص ي ان و أ ض ق ي ام ر م و أ ح شه د أ ه ن س ي د ى ا و ى ب ه يي

More information

Feast of Our Lady of Lebanon

Feast of Our Lady of Lebanon Saint Maron Maronite Catholic Church May 5-6, 2018 Feast of Our Lady of Lebanon FEAST OF OUR LADY OF LEBANON What are the origins of the May Crowning? The origins of the May Crowning are hard to pinpoint,

More information

LESSON كجكحكخكلكملج ١٨٦ T H E C L O S E N E S S OF A L L A H 4.1 QURAN STUDY

LESSON كجكحكخكلكملج ١٨٦ T H E C L O S E N E S S OF A L L A H 4.1 QURAN STUDY We apologize but this is the last sample PDF to be made available from this workbook. Please consider ordering the Kindle or print version from Amazon. 4 LESSON T H E C L O S E N E S S OF A L L A H 4.1

More information

ن ن ار ن ل ا ة ل ا س ر ة رع م ا ءا ل ع ل ا ة أ ن ل

ن ن ار ن ل ا ة ل ا س ر ة رع م ا ءا ل ع ل ا ة أ ن ل ا س ا ل ة ا غ ل أ ا لعل ا ء ال ا ع ل ب ة عح ت د ا ا ل د ل و ش و و ش ا ء ل ل ة ل ا ل ك ة ا خ س ل ا ل ب ط ت ة ا و ل ا ع د ة و ك ا ل ة ة ل ة ا إ ل ت ع ا ل ع ا ل ك ة ت ب ا ا ل ح ب ص ال ا ت س ع ل ة ا و حل و

More information

40 HADITH REFLECTIONS ON MARKETING & BUSINESS

40 HADITH REFLECTIONS ON MARKETING & BUSINESS 40 HADITH REFLECTIONS ON MARKETING & BUSINESS Nurhafihz Noor Chartered Islamic Marketer, International Islamic Marketing Association Member, Chartered Institute of Marketing www.hafihz.com First published

More information

ISLAMIC CREED ( I ) Instructor: Dr. Mohamed Salah

ISLAMIC CREED ( I ) Instructor: Dr. Mohamed Salah ISLAMIC CREED ( I ) العقيدة اإلسالمية Instructor: Dr. Mohamed Salah Islamic Creed Series THE IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING AQEEDAH Imam Abu-Hanifa said, "The understanding of faith is better than understanding

More information

Rabi`ul Awwal 13, 1439 H Fatah 2, 1396 HS December 2, 2017 CE

Rabi`ul Awwal 13, 1439 H Fatah 2, 1396 HS December 2, 2017 CE Rabi`ul Awwal 13, 1439 H Fatah 2, 1396 HS December 2, 2017 CE ح ر ك ات ( There are three basic vowels ( and they have to be read in short single ح ر ك ة stroke ١ stroke: upper ف ت ح ة 1. stroke: front

More information

Parent and Teacher Home Support

Parent and Teacher Home Support Arabic 2 Parent and Teacher Home Support Letter ( kha خ ) to be revised by you tube watching, read, write and recognize it in different Forms in the words. Selling: الكلمة Word اللفظ Pronounciation Kha

More information

Our bodies & health is a trust & gift from Allah, therefore we must use it responsibly, not waste it, and maximise its benefit. Muslims/Asians are

Our bodies & health is a trust & gift from Allah, therefore we must use it responsibly, not waste it, and maximise its benefit. Muslims/Asians are اى ح ذ ى ي اى ذ ت ع ا ب ع ت اى ع اف ت و ؤ ش ه ذ ؤ ى ا إ ى إ ى ا اىي و ح ذ ى ا ش ز ل ى و ؤ ش ه ذ ؤ ط ذ ا و ب ا ح ذ ا ع ب ذ اىي و ر ط ىى ؤ ر ط ي ر ب ب خ ز اىذ ا و اى أخ ز ة ص ي اىي و ط ي و ب ار ك ع ي و ع

More information

THE RIGHTS OF RASOOLULLAH ON HIS UMMAH ARE 7:

THE RIGHTS OF RASOOLULLAH ON HIS UMMAH ARE 7: THE RIGHTS OF RASOOLULLAH ON HIS UMMAH ARE 7: 1. Adab wa Ihtiraam: Our attitude of the utmost respect and honor; 2. Ita at: To obey him without question 3. Ittiba: To follow and emulate him in every way

More information

Muharram 27, 1438/ October 29, 2016

Muharram 27, 1438/ October 29, 2016 1 ALI 374: Arba in Ziyārat We plan to discuss the importance and etiquette of pilgrimage to Najaf, Karbala, Kazimayn and Samarra. The course will focus on connecting spiritually to the Imams who are visited

More information

No Fear Upon Them Nor Do They Grieve

No Fear Upon Them Nor Do They Grieve ال خ و ف ع ل ي ه م و ال ه م ي ح ز ن ون No Fear Upon Them Nor Do They Grieve 1 رجب 1437 8.4.16 Day 9 There are three places in the Qura'an in which Allah negates fear and grief from His slaves. األ خ ال

More information

Contents. Transliteration Key إ أ) ء (a slight catch in the breath) غ gh (similar to French r)

Contents. Transliteration Key إ أ) ء (a slight catch in the breath) غ gh (similar to French r) Transliteration Key إ أ) ء (a slight catch in the breath) غ gh (similar to French r) (ئ f ف a ا throat) q (heavy k, from the ق b ب t ة) has an h sound at the end of k ك ة, ت a sentence) l ل thorn ) th

More information

The Act of Keeping Quiet 7/8/16

The Act of Keeping Quiet 7/8/16 The Act of Keeping Quiet 7/8/16 ب س م هللا الرحمن الرحيم Recap: We have to try our best to maintain the faith we acquired in Ramadan, and not be like the lady whom Allah mentioned in Surah Nahl - who undid

More information

O' Allāh send Your blessings on Muhammad and the family of Muhammad.

O' Allāh send Your blessings on Muhammad and the family of Muhammad. Dua a for Twenty-Third Night of Ramadan م ص الل و غ ل م ح م د و ا ل م ح م د O' Allāh send Your blessings on Muhammad and the family of Muhammad. allahumma salli `ala muhammadin wa ali muhammadin ب س م

More information

In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate.

In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate. A request to imams: In light of the ongoing violence in Masjid al-aqsa, please dedicate a khutba about Masjid al-aqsa so that your congregations can be reminded of the struggle in Palestine. االحمد! نحمدهه

More information

Commentary on the Treatise The Means and Actions which Multiply Rewards-Part 3. Text :... a good methodology/path

Commentary on the Treatise The Means and Actions which Multiply Rewards-Part 3. Text :... a good methodology/path Commentary on the Treatise The Means and Actions which Multiply Rewards-Part 3 1 Explained b y: Shaikh Yahya bin Ali al-hajuri (may Allah preserve him) Transcribed and Translated by : Faisal bin Abdul

More information

Prepaid by Dil E Nadaan

Prepaid by Dil E Nadaan Prepaid by Dil E Nadaan Miansufyan106@gmail.com Question no. 1 ISLAMIC STUDIES (ISL201) SPRING 2017 Rights of Parents Assignment No. 2 Parents have important role not just in Islamic moral system but in

More information

ALI 340: Elements of Effective Communication Session Six

ALI 340: Elements of Effective Communication Session Six Communication Session Six Imam Zaynul Abidin (a) when asked about speaking or silence, which was better, he said: For each of these two there are harms and when they are both safe from harm speaking is

More information

Did You Know Sayyiduna Nabi Adam peace be upon Him

Did You Know Sayyiduna Nabi Adam peace be upon Him ا ع و ذ ب اہ لل م ن الش ی ط ن الر ج ی م ا ل ح م د ہ ل ل ک م ا ھ و ا ھ ل ہ و الص ل وۃ و الس ل م ع ل ی س ی د و ل د اد م ک م ا ی ح ب و ی ر ض ی ب ا ن ی ص ل ی ع ل ی ہ In The Name Of Allah The Most Compassionate

More information

The Permanent Qualities With Opposites. Types & Definitions

The Permanent Qualities With Opposites. Types & Definitions The Permanent Qualities With Opposites ا ل صف ات الاز م ة ال م ت ضا دة Types & Definitions الهمس - Hams Literally means concealment Technically means the continuation of the breath when pronouncing the

More information

Divine Messages of nurturing. from your Creator

Divine Messages of nurturing. from your Creator رسالة : ٦ الد عوة إلى ضبط رسائل رب انية اللسان MESSAGE 6: CALL TOWARDS CONTROL OF THE TONGUE Divine Messages of nurturing The tongue which is guided by Allah will never utter hurtful or harsh words. There

More information

بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم

بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم Carrier of the Musk المسك) (حامل Class #48 (المقدمة) How did the Prophet (pbuh) start his sermons? Page 5 Introduction Recited in Class: ان الحمد هلل نحمده و نستعينه و نستغفره و نعوذ باهلل من شرور انفسنا

More information

FRIDAY SERMON. 11 Rabiul Akhir 1434H / 1 March 2013 LIFE LONG LEARNING. Prof Madya Dr Azhar bin Muhammad Director Islamic Centre of UTM

FRIDAY SERMON. 11 Rabiul Akhir 1434H / 1 March 2013 LIFE LONG LEARNING. Prof Madya Dr Azhar bin Muhammad Director Islamic Centre of UTM FRIDAY SERMON 11 Rabiul Akhir 1434H / 1 March 2013 LIFE LONG LEARNING Prof Madya Dr Azhar bin Muhammad Director Islamic Centre of UTM امحلد هلل حنمده ونس تعينه ونس تغفره ونعوذ ابهلل من رشور أنفس نا ومن

More information

Persecution and prayers

Persecution and prayers Persecution and prayers Friday Sermon December 3 rd, 2010 NOTE: Al Islam Team takes full responsibility for any errors or miscommunication in this Synopsis of the Friday Sermon SUMMARY Hudhur (aba) said

More information

In the Messenger of Allah, we have an Excellent Example

In the Messenger of Allah, we have an Excellent Example In the Messenger of Allah, we have an Excellent Example 21/01/2012 www.detailedquran.com Some Muslims site the following Ayah (along with 53:3-4 dealt with in another document) to advocate giving books

More information

KHOJA SHIA ITHNA-ASHARI JAMAAT MELBOURNE INC. In the name of Allah (swt), the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful

KHOJA SHIA ITHNA-ASHARI JAMAAT MELBOURNE INC. In the name of Allah (swt), the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful KSIJ MELBOURNE KHOJA SHIA ITHNA-ASHARI JAMAAT MELBOURNE INC. ABN: 17 169 570 29 In the name of Allah (swt), the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful AMAAL OF LAYLATUL QADR 19TH RAMADHAN (TOTAL 1 HOUR

More information

Arabic Curriculum. Year1-Term1 WRITTEN BY ABOO IBRAAHEEM HAAROON BIN SAAJIDUR-RAHMAAN

Arabic Curriculum. Year1-Term1 WRITTEN BY ABOO IBRAAHEEM HAAROON BIN SAAJIDUR-RAHMAAN Arabic Curriculum Year1-Term1 WRITTEN BY ABOO IBRAAHEEM HAAROON BIN SAAJIDUR-RAHMAAN Arabic: Scheme of work for Year 1 Year 1, Term 1 About this unit In this unit the children learn to greet others, respond

More information

Computable Difference Matrix for Synonyms in Holy Quran

Computable Difference Matrix for Synonyms in Holy Quran Computable Difference Matrix for Synonyms in Holy Quran Mohamed Ali AlShaari Abstract In the field of Quran Studies known as GHAREEB AL QURAN (The study of the meanings of strange words and structures

More information

Fifth Sunday of Pentecost July 6, 2014

Fifth Sunday of Pentecost July 6, 2014 Fifth Sunday of Pentecost July 6, 2014 SAINT MARON MARONITE CATHOLIC CHURCH Mailing Address: 7800 Brookside Road Independence, Ohio 44131 Upcoming Events Details In Bulletin Parish Cooking Saturday, July

More information

The Language of Prayer

The Language of Prayer The Language of Prayer A seminar organised by Sanad Arabic Language of Prayer Seminar Schedule Introduction to Sanad Arabic 9:30am - 9:40am Session 1 9:40am 11:10am Morning Tea 11:10am 11:30am Session

More information

Suggested Global Islamic Calendar By Khalid Shaukat, prepared for

Suggested Global Islamic Calendar By Khalid Shaukat, prepared for Suggested Global Islamic Calendar By Khalid Shaukat, prepared for The Experts Meeting to Study the Subject of Lunar Months Calculation among Muslims Allah subhanahu wa ta ala says in Qur an: Rabat 9-10

More information

In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful. Classification Of THE INTERPRETATION OF HOLY QURAN AND FORBIDDENS OF QURAN

In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful. Classification Of THE INTERPRETATION OF HOLY QURAN AND FORBIDDENS OF QURAN In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful Classification Of ALMIZAN THE INTERPRETATION OF HOLY QURAN BY: Great Allameh Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Taba Tabaii BOOK FORTY THREE COMMANDMENTS

More information

The Reason for the Revelation of this Surah and its Virtues

The Reason for the Revelation of this Surah and its Virtues Revealed in Makkah The Reason for the Revelation of this Surah and its Virtues Imam Ahmad recorded from Ubayy bin Ka`b that the idolators said to the Prophet, "O Muhammad! Tell us the lineage of your Lord.''

More information

Spelling. Fa kasrah, Ya. Meem fathah, Alif. Lam fathah, Alif

Spelling. Fa kasrah, Ya. Meem fathah, Alif. Lam fathah, Alif Meaning Word from Quran Allah (Subhanahu wa taalaa) الل ه. 1 From In Not Indeed Not, No Except, Unless, But That On He said To them Then م ن ف م ا إ ن ل إ ل أ ن ع ل ى ق ال ل م ث.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.11.11.12

More information

AlFath. 1. Verily We have granted you a manifest victory.

AlFath. 1. Verily We have granted you a manifest victory. AlFath In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful 1. Indeed, We have given you, [O Muhammad], a clear conquest. 2. That Allah may forgive for you what preceded of your sin and what will follow

More information

Inheritance and Heirship

Inheritance and Heirship Tafseer-e-Siddiqui Its Fruits 160 Chapter 42 Inheritance and Heirship ( ) ن ص يب م م ا ت ر ك ال و ال د ان و الا ق ر ب ون و ل لن س اء ن ص ي ب للر ج ا ل م م ات ر ك ال و ال د ان و الا ق ر ب ون م م ا ق ل م

More information

Problem of Translating Metaphoric Expressions in the Holy Qur'an in to English

Problem of Translating Metaphoric Expressions in the Holy Qur'an in to English International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE) Volume 4, Issue 11, November 2017, PP 9-14 ISSN 2349-0373 (Print) & ISSN 2349-0381 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2349-0381.0411002

More information